La vile multitude
Details
Ses adversaires républicains ne l’entendent pas de cette oreille et ils dénoncent le pseudo-républicanisme de Thiers. Les protestations fusent à Paris mais aussi dans le reste de la France. À Dijon, on lit dans le Courrier républicain de la Côte-d’Or du 1e juin : « Voyez-vous ces pauvres gens – au cœur d’une misère tellement profonde qu’elle touche jusqu’au cœur d’un gendarme – pratiquer le principe de la fraternité dans toute son étendue et avec la plus grande franchise ! […] Honneur à de si nobles exemples ! On les rencontre le plus souvent chez les malheureux car ils savant apprécier, eux, la nécessité et la valeur de pareils services.
Et voilà cette vile multitude que l’on calomnie avec tant d’insolence ! »
Près d’un an plus tard, l’expression refait surface sur trois placards qui fleurissent dans les rues de Dijon au cours de la nuit du 20 au 21 mai 1851. Le commissaire central ordonne qu’ils soient retirés sans délai, et transmis au procureur de la République. On peut y lire : « Pour la vil [sic.] multitude, vive 93 ! » L’insulte devient un titre de gloire ; le souvenir de la Convention refait surface.
Transcription
The expression "the vile multitude" was used by Adolphe Thiers in a speech he made on May 24, 1850 at the tribune of the Legislative Assembly. It referred to the poorest and weakest part of the electorate. Thiers wanted to exclude this section from the universal male suffrage that had been acquired in the aftermath of the February 1848 Revolution. He attributed to this class an overwhelming responsibility for the political woes of the country: "true republicans," says Thiers, "fear the multitude, the vile multitude, which has destroyed all republics." His Republican opponents did not understand what he said in this way and they denounced Thiers’ pseudo-republicanism. The protests fused in Paris but were also evident across the rest of France. In Dijon, the Republican Courrier of the Côte-d'Or of June 1st asked: "Do you see these poor people - in the abyss of a misery so deep that it moves the heart of a gendarme so that he practices the principle of fraternity in all its extent and with the utmost openness! [...] All honor to such noble examples! They are most often found among the unfortunate, for they know truly how to appreciate the necessity and value of such services. And this is the vile multitude that is so insolently slandered! " Nearly a year later, the expression resurfaced on three posters that sprang up on the streets of Dijon in the night of 20 to 21 May 1851. The central commissioner ordered that they be removed without delay and forwarded one to the prosecutor of the Republic. It read: "For the vil [sic.] Multitude, long live 93!” The insult had become a badge of glory; and linked to the radical memory of the Convention of 1793.